Manejo integral estético de una anomalía dentofacial / Comprehensive esthetic management of a dentofacial anomaly

RESUMEN Introducción: Las anomalías dentofaciales son trastornos del crecimiento dental y facial que afectan tanto a niños como a adultos. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico, en que en la búsqueda de armonía, por una anomalía dentofacial, se aplicaron principios del manejo multidisciplinario de cirugía ortognática y de otoplastia. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 18 años de edad que refiere inconformidad estética y en el que, mediante el análisis de modelos de estudio, mediciones de las telerradiografías indicadas y los hallazgos del examen físico, se llegó al diagnóstico de prognatismo mandibular con exceso vertical del mentón. Se ejecuta tratamiento ortodóncico-quirúrgico, realizándose osteotomía sagital mandibular y mentonoplastia de reducción de altura. Se emplearon como medios de fijación interna los tornillos bicorticales en la zona de ángulo mandibular y miniplacas en la región del mentón. Tres meses después se realizó otoplastia, para corregir la presencia de orejas prominentes, con el logro de un resultado funcional y estético satisfactorio. Conclusiones: Con la aplicación de los principios del manejo multidisciplinario de cirugía ortognática, combinada con la realización de una otoplastia, los resultados fueron positivos. Se alcanzó el objetivo de brindar armonía facial, con mejoría funcional y estética, y una alta satisfacción del paciente(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dentofacial anomalies are dental and facial growth disorders affecting children and adults alike. Objective: Present a clinical case of dentofacial anomaly in which principles of the multidisciplinary management of orthognathic surgery and otoplasty were applied to achieve harmony. Case report: A male 18-year-old patient reports esthetic dissatisfaction. Analysis of study models, measurements taken by teleradiography and findings of the physical examination led to the diagnosis of mandibular prognathism with a vertically extended chin. Orthodontic-surgical treatment was performed, consisting in sagittal mandibular osteotomy and height reduction mentoplasty. Bicortical screws were used for internal fixation in the mandibular angle area and miniplates in the chin region. Otoplasty was performed three months later to correct the presence of protruding ears, achieving satisfactory functional and esthetic results. Conclusions: Application of the principles of the multidisciplinary management of orthognathic surgery, combined with the conduct of otoplasty, led to positive results. The objective of achieving facial harmony was fulfilled, alongside functional and esthetic improvement and high patient satisfaction(AU)

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Orthognathic Surgery on the Pre-existing Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients with Malocclusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) for those patients with dentofacial deformities, who underwent orthognathic surgery, and the control group. It also identified whether orthognathic surgery had a positive or negative impact on TMD symptoms by comparing TMD patients, who underwent orthognathic surgery, and people did not experience this surgery. Finally, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of orthognathic surgery on the pre-existing TMDs in malocclusion patients. Material and Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, google scholar have been utilized as the electronic databases for systematically reviewing the literature between 2001 and February 2019. Inclusion criteria were undergoing orthognathic surgery, patients with/without pre-existing TMDs, and physical disabilities. Results: A total of 669 abstracts and titles with potential relevance have been identified in the course of the manual and electronic searches. It has been found that five studies met our inclusion criteria for a systematic review. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) before orthognathic surgery in comparison to the controls (RR=0.02; 95% CI -0.08-0.13) and heterogeneity among the papers has been I2 = 42.86% (p=0.64). Conclusion: Malocclusion by orthognathic and orthodontics surgeries had a considerable rate of TMD compared to the controls.

Metodología para la enseñanza desarrolladora del diagnóstico de anomalías dentomaxilofaciales centrado en el método / Methodology for the teaching of skills required to diagnose dentomaxillofacial anomalies based on the clinical method

Introducción: la utilización del enfoque desarrollador de la didáctica y el método clínico en la enseñanza del diagnóstico de anomalías dentomaxilofaciales es de gran importancia en la asignatura Ortodoncia, para que el estomatólogo general realice la atención integral, según su modelo de formación. Objetivo: valorar la pertinencia de una metodología para la enseñanza del diagnóstico clínico de anomalías dentomaxilofaciales en la asignatura Ortodoncia de la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos: investigación pedagógica. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico (histórico-lógico, inductivo-deductivo, analítico-sintético y sistémico) y empírico (criterio de expertos). De 33 posibles expertos, se seleccionó una muestra de 30 según el coeficiente de competencia. Resultados: se elaboró una metodología que se estructura en las etapas de organización, planificación, ejecución y evaluación de la enseñanza del diagnóstico de anomalías dentomaxilofaciales; se distingue porque precisa las relaciones entre las diferentes categorías de la didáctica en el contexto de la atención estomatológica desde un enfoque desarrollador; se centra en el método clínico; y revela la necesidad de partir de los resultados del diagnóstico pedagógico. La metodología fue valorada por expertos, quienes en su totalidad ubicaron a los siete indicadores evaluados en el rango de bastante adecuado. Conclusiones: la metodología propuesta resulta pertinente para su aplicación en la enseñanza del diagnóstico de anomalías dentomaxilofaciales en la asignatura Ortodoncia de la carrera de Estomatología, según la valoración de expertos(AU)

Introduction: use of a skill-developing didactic approach and the clinical method in training for the diagnosis of dentomaxillofacial anomalies is essential in the subject Orthodontics, so that the general dental practitioner can provide comprehensive care following their own training model. Objective: assess the relevance of a methodology for the teaching of skills required to clinically diagnose dentomaxillofacial anomalies in the subject Orthodontics of the dental training curriculum. Methods: a pedagogical study was conducted, based on both theoretical methods (historical-logical, inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic and systemic) and empirical methods (expert criteria). Of 33 possible experts, a sample of 30 was selected based on their competence coefficient. Results: a methodology was developed which is structured into stages for organization, planning, implementation and evaluation in the teaching of skills required to diagnose dentomaxillofacial anomalies. Distinguishing features of this methodology are that it clearly points out the relationships between the different didactic categories in the context of dental care with a skill-development approach, is centered on the clinical method, and reveals the need to start from the results of the pedagogical diagnosis. The methodology was assessed by experts, all of whom ranked the seven indicators evaluated as quite adequate. Conclusions: the methodology proposed is appropriate for application in the teaching of skills required to diagnose dentomaxillofacial anomalies in the subject Orthodontics of the dental training curriculum, according to the opinion of experts(AU)

A influência de sintomas da disfunção temporomandibular na força máxima de mordida em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial / The influence of temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms on maximum bite force in individuals with dentofacial deformity

RESUMO Introdução Indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial (DDF) apresentam comprometimento na oclusão, que pode alterar o desempenho mastigatório e, consequentemente, a força de mordida, não tendo sido encontrados estudos que considerassem a relação entre disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e força de mordida, nessa população. Objetivo Verificar se a presença de sintomas de DTM influencia a força máxima de mordida (FMM) em indivíduos com DDF. Métodos Participaram do estudo 60 indivíduos, 30 com DDF (GDDF) e 30 com oclusão normal (GC). Para avaliação da DTM, foi aplicado um questionário anamnésico (QA), contendo 10 questões que permitem a classificação quanto à presença e grau de sintomas da DTM. A FMM foi avaliada utilizando-se um transdutor de força mandibular, integrado ao eletromiógrafo EMG System 810c. Foram realizados três registros da força de mordida, com duração de 10 segundos cada. Foi aplicado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Os resultados do QA demonstraram que, no GDDF, houve maior ocorrência de sintomas de DTM, em relação ao GC. Foi observado menor FMM em indivíduos com DDF, comparativamente ao GC. Além disso, foram constatadas correlações negativas e significantes entre os escores obtidos na aplicação do QA e a FMM, ou seja, quanto maior a gravidade dos sintomas da DTM, menor o valor da força de mordida. Conclusão A presença e gravidade dos sintomas da DTM influenciaram a FFM nos individuos com DDF, demonstrando a necessidade de atuação interdisciplinar durante todas as fases do tratamento ortocirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Introduction Individuals with dentofacial deformity (DFD) show impairment in dental occlusion, which may alter the masticatory performance and, consequently, the bite force. No research was found on the relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bite force for this population. Purpose To determine if the presence of TMD symptoms influence the maximum bite force (MBF) in individuals with DFD. Methods Sixty individuals were evaluated, 30 with DFD (GDFD) and 30 with normal occlusion (CG). The TMD was assessed by an anamnesis questionnaire (AQ) containing 10 questions that allow classification of the presence and degree of signs and symptoms of TMD. MBF was assessed using a mandibular force sensor, of the EMG System 810c electromyograph. Three records of bite force were obtained, with 10-second duration each. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used, at a significance level of 5%. Results The results of AQ showed higher prevalence of TMD symptoms in GDFD in relation to CG. Also, lower MBF was observed in subjects with DFD compared to CG. In addition, negative and significant correlations were found between scores obtained in the application of AQ and the MBF; therefore, the higher the severity of TMD symptoms, the lower the bite force. Conclusion The presence and severity of TMD symptoms influenced the MBF in individuals with DFD, demonstrating the importance for interdisciplinary intervention during all stages of surgical-orthodontic treatment.

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and patients' satisfaction before and after orthognathic surgery

Aim: To evaluate signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder and satisfaction in patients before and after orthognathic surgery. Methods: The sample consisted of 15 patients aged between 19 and 47 years old, indicated for orthodontic-surgical treatment. All patients answered na anamnesis questionnaire based on Helkimo Anamnestic Index to evaluate subjective symptoms and underwent a clinical evaluation based on Helkimo Disfunction Index, applied at three time points: before (T0), three (T1) and six months (T2) after surgery. Statistical models used were χ2 test (Chi-square), Tukey test, confidence interval and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of joint sounds, maximum mouth opening, deviation of mouth opening and pain in the TMJ region (p>0.05). No patient presented worsening of the symptomatology. As regards muscular pain, there was a statistically significant improvement with time (p<0.05) and 86.7% of patients reported that they were satisfied with the obtained results. Conclusions: Improvement of TMD after orthognathic surgery may not be the result of correcting malocclusion and satisfaction with the results can be a factor of TMD improvement (Au)

Controle motor oral e funções orofaciais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial / Oral motor control and orofacial functions in individuals with dentofacial deformity

Objetivo Verificar se há relação entre o controle motor oral e as funções orofaciais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial (DDF). Métodos Participaram 16 indivíduos entre 18 e 40 anos, média de 28,37 anos, sendo sete indivíduos padrão II (três mulheres e quatro homens) e nove, padrão III (cinco mulheres e quatro homens). Foi realizada avaliação da diadococinesia (DDC) das emissões /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ e /pataka/. As funções de mastigação, deglutição e fala foram analisadas por consenso entre três fonoaudiólogas especialistas na área, a partir da filmagem, utilizando o protocolo MBGR. A correlação entre os resultados da DDC e das funções orofaciais foi obtida por meio do teste de Spearman. Resultados Foi observada correlação positiva entre os parâmetros de instabilidade da DDC na emissão do “pa” e “ka” e a função de mastigação. Houve correlação positiva entre deglutição e DDC para a emissão do “pa” no que se refere à instabilidade das emissões e, quanto à velocidade, houve correlação negativa para a média da taxa da DDC e correlação positiva para a média do período da DDC na emissão do “pa”. Quanto à fala, houve correlação negativa para a emissão do “pa”, para parâmetro de instabilidade. Conclusão O controle motor oral mostrou-se relacionado à gravidade da alteração das funções de mastigação e deglutição, no que se refere aos parâmetros instabilidade e velocidade da DDC. .

Purpose To determine the correlation between oral motor control and orofacial functions in individuals with dentofacial deformity (DFD). Methods Sixteen individuals from 18 to 40 years, (average 28.37 years) participated. Seven individuals were class II (three women and four men) and nine were class III (five women and four men). They were evaluated for diadochokinesis (DDK) using the emissions /pa/, /ta/, /ka/ and /pataka/. The chewing, swallowing, and speech functions were filmed and analyzed by three speech specialists, using the MBGR protocol. The correlation results between DDK and the orofacial functions were obtained through the Spearman test. Results A positive correlation was observed between the DDK instability parameters in issuing the “pa” and “ka” and the chewing function. There was a positive correlation between swallowing and DDK for “pa” emission regarding the instability. As for the speed, there was a negative correlation for the DDK mean rate and a positive correlation for the average DDK period at “pa” emission. As for the speech, there was a negative correlation for “pa” emission for the instability parameter. Conclusion The oral motor control was related to the severity of the change in chewing and swallowing functions regarding the DDK speed and instability paramenters. .

Prótese parcial removível obturadora - uma reabilitação oral que devolve o bem-estar físico e mental / Removable partial denture obturator - an oral rehabilitation that restores physical and mental well-being

As deformidades bucomaxilofaciais são constrangedoras e embaraçosas ao portador. Estes pacientes apresentam-se com sérios problemas psíquicos, familiares e sociais tornando-se indivíduos traumatizados, complexados e diminuídos física e psicologicamente. As causas dessas deformidades podem ser congênitas, causadas por más formações/distúrbios de desenvolvimento, ou adquiridas, causadas por mutilações de origem patológica, como as doenças necrosantes e as oncologias cirúrgicas, ou traumáticas, como acidentes de trabalho, trânsito e intencionais.

Maxillofacial deformities may cause awkward and embarrassing bearer. These patients present serious psychological, family and social issues becoming traumatized and complexed. These deformities can have congenital origin, malformations and developmental disorders, or can be caused by pathological mutilation such as necrotizing diseases and surgical oncology, or traumas such as traffic and work accidents

Avaliação pré e transoperatória de diferentes registros oclusais em indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial / Pre and transoperative evaluation of different occlusal registrations in subjects with dentofacial deformity

A cirurgia ortognática é uma modalidade terapêutica que vem se tornando cada vez mais comum ao cotidiano de cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais e ortodontistas. Os dados presentes na literatura quanto a variabilidade do posicionamento mandibular em indivíduos com discrepâncias maxilomandibulares são escassos, fruto de poucas pesquisas ou somente refletem opinião de autores. O presente estudo objetivou a avaliação da variabilidade no posicionamento mandibular entre diferentes registros oclusais e o entendimento da influência das variáveis faixa etária, gênero, tipo de deformidade ou tipo de cirurgia aos resultados. Utilizando amostra composta por 30 indivíduos com deformidade dentofacial a serem submetidos a cirurgia ortognática, estudamos o registro da oclusão dental obtido em três diferentes situações: relação cêntrica, máxima intercuspidação e sob anestesia geral. Tais referências oclusais foram utilizadas para montagem de modelos mandibulares de gesso em articulador semi-ajustável e três pontos dentais (um anterior, um posterior direito e um posterior esquerdo) foram utilizados para determinar possível variação da posição mandibular. Os resultados indicaram tendência geral, com significância estatística, para recuo da mandíbula quando comparamos sua mudança de posição de máxima intercuspidação para relação cêntrica, não havendo significância estatística para a posição mandibular sob anestesia geral quando comparada à posição em relação cêntrica. Faixa etária e tipo de deformidade demonstraram-se como variáveis de influência significante aos resultados.

Orthognathic surgery is a surgical therapeutical modality that has become more common among oral and maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. Current data regarding variability of mandibular positioning are scarce, mainly the result of few researches or author`s opinions. The present study aimed the evaluation of the variability of mandibular positioning among different occlusal registrations and the knowledge of whether age, gender, type of deformity or type of proposed surgery would influence results. Through a sample of 30 subjects with dentofacial deformities to be submitted to orthognathic surgery, dental occlusion registrations in three different situations were evaluated: centric relation, maximum intercuspation and under general anesthesia. Such registrations were used to mount cast models on semi-adjustable articulators and three dental points (one anterior, one posterior to the right and one posterior to the left) were used to determine possible variation of the mandibular position. Results indicated overall tendency with statistical significance for mandibular retrusion of the mandible when its position in maximum intercuspation is compared with centric relation, not presenting statistical significance for the mandible position under general anesthesia when compared to centric relation. Age and type of deformity did represent themselves as variables of influence to the results.